Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, had a vision of Pakistan as a secular state where the religion of any individual would have “nothing to do with the business of the State.” He believed in the equality of all citizens and that they would have the same rights and privileges. However, after his untimely death, sections of the ulema, led by Maulana Maududi of Jamaat-i-Islami and Ataullah Shah Bukhari of Majlis-i-Ahrar, campaigned for a constitutional framework based on a conformist version of Sharia. This caused a shift in orientation and a crisis of identity that continues to this day, with three distinct classes of citizens in Pakistan today. The real bone of contention was whether the ahl-i-zimma, non-Muslims, could be reconceptualized in light of a social contract based on democratic participation.